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Visva-Bharati University ((ベンガル語:বিশ্বভারতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়)) is one of India's major Central Government funded autonomous universities located in Santiniketan, West Bengal. It was founded by Rabindranath Tagore who called it ''Visva Bharati'', which means the communion of the world with India. In its initial years Tagore expressed his dissatisfaction with the word 'university', since university translates to ''Vishva-Vidyalaya'', which is smaller in scope than ''Visva Bharati''. Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, in 1951, the institution was given the status of a university and was renamed Visva Bharati University. The English daily, ''The Nation'', notes, "Using the money he received with his Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, the school was expanded and renamed Visva-Bharati University. It grew to become one of India's most renowned places of higher learning, with a list of alumni that includes Nobel-winning economist Amartya Sen, globally renowned filmmaker Satyajit Ray and the country's leading art historian, R. Siva Kumar, to name just a few."〔http://www.nationmultimedia.com/life/Exploring-Mother-Indias-cradle-of-art-30206439.html〕 ==History== The origins of the university date back to 1863 when Maharshi Debendranath Tagore, the ''zamindar'' of Silaidaha in East Bengal, was given a tract of land by Babu Sitikanta Sinha, the zamindar of Raipur,〔The most famous son of the zamindari family of Raipur was Lord Satyendra Prasanno Sinha, the first Indian governor of Orissa and Bihar (1919-1920). Other well-known members of the same family included his younger brother Major N.P. Sinha, an IMS officer, as well as one of his six grandsons, Mohit Sen, a well-known communist ideologue and writer of the latter half of twentieth century India.〕 which is a neighbouring village not far from Bolepur and present-day Santiniketan and set up an ''ashram'' at the spot that has now come to be called ''chatim tala'' at the heart of the town. The ashram was initially called Brahmacharya Ashram, which was later renamed Brahmacharya Vidyalaya. It was established with a view to encourage people from all walks of life to come to the spot and meditate. In 1901 his youngest son Rabindranath Tagore established a co-educational school inside the premises of the ashram. Pramatha Chaudhuri From 1901 onwards, Tagore used the ashram to organise the Hindu Mela, which soon became a centre of nationalist activity. Through the early twentieth century the zamindars of Surul (Sarkar Family), another neighbouring village, a few minutes by cycle from the Uttarayan Complex, and the zamindars of Taltore, a village just north of the university town, continued to sell their lands and other properties to the ashram and the college that was being built on this spot.〔The entire neighbourhood of Purbapalli belonged to the former zamindars of Taltore.〕 On 23 December 1921, Tagore formally started the college with proceeds from the prize money of the Nobel Prize he received in 1913 for the publication of his book of poems ''Gitanjali''. The college also became a centre of Brahmo learning in this period. It was granted full university status in May 1951 by the government of independent India. The poet's youngest son, Rathindranath Tagore, became the first ''upacharya'' (vice chancellor) of the new university. Another member of the Tagore family who performed the role of ''upacharya'' was Indira Devi Chaudhurani, a niece of the poet. Rabindranath Tagore believed in open air education and had reservations about any teaching done within four walls. This was due to his belief that walls represent conditioning of mind. Tagore did not have a good opinion about the Western method of education introduced by the British in India; on this subject, Tagore and Gandhiji's opinion matched. Tagore once said, "I do not remember what I was taught, I only remember what I learnt." Tagore's idea on education was that every person is genius and that all students may not bloom at the same time. So he devised a new system of learning in Visva-Bharati. He allowed students to continue their course till the student and his teacher both are satisfied. At Visva-Bharati University, if a course demanded by a student is not available, then the university will design a course and bring teachers for that course. The university would not be bothered by the consideration of whether there is a demand for the course. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Visva-Bharati University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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